This paper presents a practical and cost-effective method for characterizing the current-voltage (I-V) relationship of a solar photovoltaic module under real environmental conditions using a load based on a supercapacitor-module. Standard laboratory setups are often unavailable for field-installed panels, especially those mounted on rooftops or remote locations. To overcome this, an IoT-enabled irradiance and temperature sensor is used to wirelessly collect real-time environmental data from the panel site. The data is accessed through a dedicated portal, enabling synchronized measurement of voltage and current while tracking irradiance and temperature.
