In this paper, a resilient control approach is proposed for Virtual Oscillator Controlled power converters to ensure safe operation during overload and fault conditions. The design limits overcurrent within predefined thresholds and enables the converter to spontaneously return to normal operation once the fault or overload is cleared, without requiring any external fault detection or handling mechanism. To this end, an approach based on the finite set model predictive control framework is employed which detects abnormal situations by predicting the system states and comparing with predefined thresholds, adjusts current and voltage references, and generates optimized switching signals. Unlike conventional current-limiting techniques that rely on cascaded PI controllers and current limiters, this method provides a simpler control structure with a faster transient response. It also does not need saturation or anti–windup mechanism which are prone to instability. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing fault tolerance and operational reliability under a wide range of abnormal conditions.